[Gate-users] How to simulate Lu-176 in LSO crystal

Fri Jun 12 00:03:36 CEST 2020

 Hi again,
Following is the definition of the source that I used:/gate/source/addSource 176Lu
/gate/source/176Lu/gps/particle ion
/gate/source/176Lu/gps/ion 71 176 0 0
/gate/source/176Lu/gps/monoenergy 0. keV
/gate/source/176Lu/gps/angtype iso
/gate/source/176Lu/gps/type Volume
/gate/source/176Lu/gps/shape Cylinder
/gate/source/176Lu/gps/radius 10 cm
/gate/source/176Lu/gps/halfz    50 mm
/gate/source/176Lu/setActivity 10000 Bq
/gate/source/176Lu/gps/confine crystal
/gate/source/176Lu/visualize 1000 blue 3
I think "attachTo" command is used to move the source with geometry if it moves and if the geometry is not moving command - confine. I have no idea about your simulation geometry but a couple of months ago I tried to simulate a scanner by using the crystal repeaters (cubicArray) and was able to define the sources for individual crystals for intrinsic activity simulations. 

Thanks, 
Ashok

   On Thursday, 11 June 2020, 03:49:54 pm GMT-5, Albert Grace Lieu <albertnew2018 at gmail.com> wrote:  

 Hi Ashok, 
May ask you how you implemented the Lu176 source in your GATE simulation? Since you only had two crystals, it would be much easier to add Lu176 to the crystal. But did you use confine or attach command? Before asking this question, may I know how you created your crystals? Did you create them separately or use some repeaters?  My simulated geometries are very complex already and meanwhile, it rotates and translates at the same time. It will be hard to add another layer to it.  I may have to adopt noise module instead. 
Thanks for your help. Zhengzhi  
On Thu, Jun 11, 2020 at 1:11 PM Ashok Tiwari <tiwarias at yahoo.com> wrote:

 Hi Zhengzhi,
I think you can confine your source (176Lu ion source) at crystal instead of attaching to it. I am also planning to calculate the intrinsic activity in the near future, and up to my understanding, it should work. You should be able to visualize all dot-like sources using the visualization command which you previously mentioned. 
So, first, define the crystal inside the block, repeat the crystals, attach crystalSD, and finally define the source and use command /gate/source/.../gps/confine crystal. As Emilie says, ion source is super slow, but that does not matter if you use cluster computation.
Thanks, Ashok
    On Thursday, 11 June 2020, 02:42:09 pm GMT-5, Albert Grace Lieu <albertnew2018 at gmail.com> wrote:  

 Dear Emilie, 
Thank you for sharing your thoughts and help. I definitely know using any ion source my simulation can be 10 times slower. Lu176  decay creates multiple gammas during de-exictation as shown in the decay scheme below. I guess I can call the noise module multiple times to simulate different gamma emissions. But how to simulate the bata decay and annihilations with the noise module? Also the branching ratios? 
Thanks a lot. Zhengzhi

On Thu, Jun 11, 2020 at 12:26 PM Emilie Gaudin <Emilie.Odette.Gaudin at usherbrooke.ca> wrote:

Hi Zhengzhi,
Maxime was absolutely right saying the noise module simulate the intrinsic radioactivity. It was well established and demonstrated since many years (just google it). You only need to define your noise (mean std lambda) as you know how your detector react. 
You can create a source for each crystal but why tho ... In my opinion it's a terrible ideas since your sources are userdependent and  your simulations will be much slower.
Have a nice day !
Émilie
De : Gate-users <gate-users-bounces at lists.opengatecollaboration.org> de la part de Arnulfo Martinez-Davalos <arnulfo at fisica.unam.mx>
Envoyé : 11 juin 2020 15:03
À : gate-users at lists.opengatecollaboration.org <gate-users at lists.opengatecollaboration.org>
Objet : Re: [Gate-users] How to simulate Lu-176 in LSO crystal 
Dear Zhengzhi,

Please let me call your attention to a series of papers our group has published regarding the intrinsic radioactivity in LYSO crystals due to Lu-176:

- Alva-Sánchez H, et al., “Understanding the intrinsic radioactivity energy spectrum from 176Lu in LYSO/LSO scintillation crystals”, Nature Sci. Rep. (2018) 8:17310 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35684-x)

- Enríquez-Mier-y-Terán FE, et al., “GATE simulation of the intrinsic radioactivity in LYSO scintillation crystals”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 454 (2019) 1-5. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2019.06.001).

- Enríquez-Mier-y-Terán FE, et al., “Coincidence energy spectra due to the intrinsic radioactivity of LYSO scintillation crystals”, EJNMMI Physics (2020) 7:21 (https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-020-00291-1).

For the second and third ones we actually used the ion source for Lu-176 in GATE v8.1, and it worked just fine. I hope you find this information useful.

Best regards,
Arnulfo

Arnulfo Martinez-Davalos, PhD
Instituto de Fisica, UNAM
A.P. 20-364
01000 CDMX
MEXICOOn 2020-06-11 12:09 AM, Albert Grace Lieu wrote:

Dear Gate users and developers,
There are a couple of papers [1,2] addressing the importance of adding the simulation of Lu-176 in Lutetium based crystal in GATE simulation. I try to do this to my simulated PET system that has thousands of pieces of crystals (created with linear and cubic array repeater). My general idea of implementing this is to create a Lu176 ion source and then attach it to my crystals. However,  when I do:
/gate/source/Lu176/attachTo Crystal  
the Lu176 is only attached to a single piece of crystal (which can be visualized with /gate/source/Lu176/visualize 1000 red 3).  Has anyone implemented this before? Could you please share your thoughts?
Thanks a lot. Greatly appreciated. 
Zhengzhi 
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