[Gate-users] Error message: Nof higher level 5
Albert Hirtl
albert.hirtl at meduniwien.ac.at
Fri Jun 17 15:21:07 CEST 2011
Hello Gate community!
My name is Martin Jankovec, I'm a master student in technical physics
(the mail is written by Albert since my account has not yet been
activated :-) ).
In my Gate code a little error occurred, that I can't explain:
First, here is my code (the question is below):
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
###### VISUALISATION ######################
/vis/open OGLSX
/vis/viewer/zoom 2.0
/vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 40 40
/vis/viewer/set/style surface
/vis/drawVolume
#/tracking/storeTrajectory 1
#/vis/scene/endOfEventAction accumulate
#setting the material database
/gate/geometry/setMaterialDatabase GateMaterials.db
###### GEOMETRY ###########
#World generation
/gate/world/geometry/setXLength 150. cm
/gate/world/geometry/setYLength 150. cm
/gate/world/geometry/setZLength 150. cm
/gate/geometry/rebuild
# defining the cylindrical shape of the detector
/gate/world/daughters/name cylindricalPET
/gate/world/daughters/insert cylinder
/gate/cylindricalPET/geometry/setRmin 40. cm
/gate/cylindricalPET/geometry/setRmax 60. cm
/gate/cylindricalPET/geometry/setHeight 25. cm
/gate/cylindricalPET/geometry/setPhiStart 0 deg
/gate/cylindricalPET/geometry/setDeltaPhi 360 deg
/gate/cylindricalPET/setMaterial Water
/gate/cylindricalPET/vis/setColor blue
/gate/cylindricalPET/vis/forceWireframe
# defining the probe
/gate/world/daughters/name probe
/gate/world/daughters/insert sphere
/gate/probe/geometry/setRmin 0. cm
/gate/probe/geometry/setRmax 6. cm
/gate/probe/geometry/setPhiStart 0 deg
/gate/probe/geometry/setThetaStart 0 deg
/gate/probe/geometry/setDeltaPhi 360 deg
/gate/probe/geometry/setDeltaTheta 360 deg
/gate/probe/setMaterial Water
/gate/probe/vis/setColor red
/gate/geometry/rebuild
#making the detector blocks HEAD- box of the detector LEVEL 1 (rsector)
/gate/cylindricalPET/daughters/name head
/gate/cylindricalPET/daughters/insert box
/gate/head/placement/setTranslation 48. 0. 0. cm
/gate/head/geometry/setXLength 8. cm
/gate/head/geometry/setYLength 24. cm
/gate/head/geometry/setZLength 24. cm
/gate/head/setMaterial Air
/gate/head/vis/setColor green
#/gate/head/vis/setVisible 1
/gate/head/vis/forceWireframe
/gate/geometry/rebuild
# borderline for the crystallboxdes- daughter of head LEVEL 2 (module)
/gate/head/daughters/name block
/gate/head/daughters/insert box
/gate/block/placement/setTranslation 0. 0. 0. cm
/gate/block/geometry/setXLength 8. cm
/gate/block/geometry/setYLength 3. cm
/gate/block/geometry/setZLength 3. cm
/gate/block/setMaterial Air
/gate/block/vis/setColor red
/gate/block/vis/setVisible 1
/gate/block/vis/forceWireframe
/gate/geometry/rebuild
# boxes for the crystals LEVEL 3 (crystal)
/gate/block/daughters/name crystal
/gate/block/daughters/insert box
/gate/crystal/placement/setTranslation 0. 0. 0. cm
/gate/crystal/geometry/setXLength 8. cm
/gate/crystal/geometry/setYLength 3. cm
/gate/crystal/geometry/setZLength 3. cm
/gate/crystal/setMaterial Air
/gate/crystal/vis/setColor red
/gate/crystal/vis/setVisible 1
/gate/crystal/vis/forceWireframe
#insert the crystalls LEVEL 4 (layer0)
/gate/crystal/daughters/name LSOlayer
/gate/crystal/daughters/insert box
/gate/LSOlayer/placement/setTranslation 0. 0. 0. cm
/gate/LSOlayer/geometry/setXLength 8. cm
/gate/LSOlayer/geometry/setYLength 3. cm
/gate/LSOlayer/geometry/setZLength 3. cm
/gate/LSOlayer/setMaterial LSO
/gate/LSOlayer/vis/setColor yellow
# repeating the crystallboxes in a cubic array
/gate/block/repeaters/insert cubicArray
/gate/block/cubicArray/setRepeatNumberX 1
/gate/block/cubicArray/setRepeatNumberY 8
/gate/block/cubicArray/setRepeatNumberZ 8
/gate/block/cubicArray/setRepeatVector 0. 3. 3. cm
# repeating the detectors along one pet wing
/gate/head/repeaters/insert ring
/gate/head/ring/setRepeatNumber 2
/gate/head/ring/setAngularSpan 360 deg
/gate/geometry/rebuild
#repeating the wing in the oposite corner
#/gate/cylindricalPET/repeaters/insert ring
#/gate/cylindricalPET/ring/setRepeatNumber 2
#/gate/cylindricalPET/ring/setFirstAngle 220 deg
/gate/geometry/rebuild
# repeating the detectors along one pet wing
/gate/head/repeaters/insert ring
/gate/head/ring/setRepeatNumber 2
/gate/head/ring/setAngularSpan 360 deg
/gate/geometry/rebuild
#repeating the wing in the oposite corner
#/gate/cylindricalPET/repeaters/insert ring
#/gate/cylindricalPET/ring/setRepeatNumber 2
#/gate/cylindricalPET/ring/setFirstAngle 220 deg
/gate/geometry/rebuild
########### ATTACHING THE SYSTEM #####################
/gate/systems/cylindricalPET/rsector/attach head
/gate/systems/cylindricalPET/module/attach block
/gate/systems/cylindricalPET/crystal/attach crystal
/gate/systems/cylindricalPET/layer0/attach LSOlayer
# attaching the crystal
/gate/crystal/attachCrystalSD
# attaching the probe
/gate/probe/attach PhantomSD
###### SETTING UP THE PHYSICS############
##### physics: Photoeletric, Compton, ElectronIonisation, Positron
annihilation, multiple scattering
/gate/physics/addProcess PhotoElectric
/gate/physics/processes/PhotoElectric/setModel PenelopeModel
/gate/physics/processes/PhotoElectric/setAugerElectron true
/gate/physics/addProcess Compton
/gate/physics/processes/Compton/setModel StandardModel
/gate/physics/addProcess ElectronIonisation
/gate/physics/processes/ElectronIonisation/setModel StandardModel e-
/gate/physics/processes/ElectronIonisation/setModel StandardModel e+
/gate/physics/addProcess PositronAnnihilation
/gate/physics/addProcess MultipleScattering e+
/gate/physics/addProcess MultipleScattering e-
### CUTS to limit the maximum range of interactions that produce
secondary particles #######
### after the cut range no secondary particles are produced
/gate/physics/Gamma/SetCutInRegion LSOlayer 2.0 cm
/gate/physics/Electron/SetCutInRegion LSOlayer 2.0 cm
/gate/physics/Positron/SetCutInRegion LSOlayer 2.0 cm
/gate/physics/Gamma/SetCutInRegion probe 0.5 mm
/gate/physics/Electron/SetCutInRegion probe 0.5 mm
/gate/physics/Positron/SetCutInRegion probe 0.5 mm
/gate/physics/SetMaxStepSizeInRegion probe 0.1 mm # minimum stepsize
between two physical events
#### INITIALISATION #######
/gate/run/initialize
###### ELECTRONIC RESPONSE OF THE DETECTORS (DIGITIZER) ###############
#### chain: adder --> readout --> energy response --> spatial response
--> threshold electronics --> dead time
### adder: regroups hits per volume to a pulse
### readout: regroups pulses per block
### energy response: reflects the response of the detector to the energy
of the pulse
### spatial resolution: simulates the detector crosstalk
### thresholder & upholder: sets maximum and minimum energy values the
detector will detect
### dead time:
# ADDER
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert adder
# READOUT
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert readout
/gate/digitizer/Singles/readout/setDepth 4 # depth means the
hierarchy number in the geometry f.e. rsector depth 1 LSOlayer depth 4
# ENERGY RESPONSE
### contains: general energy blurring of the pulse, crystal blurring
(because all detectors are made of the same crystal),
transferefficiency, light yield, time resolution, noise
# general energy blurring of the pulse
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert blurring
/gate/digitizer/Singles/blurring/setResolution 0.10
/gate/digitizer/Singles/blurring/setEnergyOfReference 511. keV
# local crystalblurring #
blurring the light that hits the detector
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert crystalblurring
/gate/digitizer/Singles/crystalblurring/setCrystalResolutionMin 0.10 #
for each crystalelement there is set a minimum and a maximum resolution
(de/E) range
/gate/digitizer/Singles/crystalblurring/setCrystalResolutionMax 0.30
/gate/digitizer/Singles/crystalblurring/setCrystalQE 0.9 #
QE = Quantum Efficiency, probability for the event to be detected by
the photo-detector
/gate/digitizer/Singles/crystalblurring/setCrystalEnergyOfReference 511.
keV
# transfer efficiency #
photoelecron loss within the detector
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert transferEfficiency
/gate/digitizer/Singles/transferEfficiency/chooseNewVolume LSOlayer
/gate/digitizer/Singles/transferEfficiency/LSOlayer/setTECoef 0.28
# light yield #
converts the pulse energy into the number of photoelectrons emitted
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert lightYield
/gate/digitizer/Singles/lightYield/chooseNewVolume LSOlayer
/gate/digitizer/Singles/lightYield/LSOlayer/setLightOutput 27000 #
27000 photoelectrons per 1 Mev
# time resolution #
sets the time resolution of the detector
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert timeResolution
/gate/digitizer/Singles/timeResolution/setTimeResolution 1.4 ns
# noise # noise signals
caused by the radioactivity of LSO
/gate/distributions/name energy_distrib
/gate/distributions/insert Gaussian # defining the
energy distribution of the noise - gaussian-
/gate/distributions/energy_distrib/setMean 450 keV
/gate/distributions/energy_distrib/setSigma 1 keV
/gate/distributions/name dt_distrib # defining the
time distribution of the noise -poisson-
/gate/distributions/insert Exponential # probability
of detecting k events in a time interval of t is distributed
/gate/distributions/dt_distrib/setLambda 7.57 mus # along a
Poisson law P_1(k,t) = e^{-lambda t}*(lambda t)^k}/{k!}
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert noise
/gate/digitizer/Singles/noise/setDeltaTDistribution dt_distrib #
using the distributions for the simulation of the noise
/gate/digitizer/Singles/noise/setEnergyDistribution energy_distrib
# SPATIAL RESOLUTION
### contains: crosstalk
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert crosstalk #
distributes 10% of input pulse energy to the adjacent crystals and 5% to
the corner crystals
/gate/digitizer/Singles/crosstalk/chooseCrosstalkVolume block
/gate/digitizer/Singles/crosstalk/setEdgesFraction 0.1 #
energy crosstalk through the edges
/gate/digitizer/Singles/crosstalk/setCornersFraction 0.05 #
energy crosstalk through the corners
# THRESHOLDER & UPHOLDER
### contains: thresholder,
# thresholder #
sets minimum and maximum energy values the detector responds to
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert thresholder
/gate/digitizer/Singles/thresholder/setThreshold 250. keV
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert upholder #
setting a sigmoidal thresholder here would be possible too - s function
that allows values
/gate/digitizer/Singles/upholder/setUphold 750. keV #
below the low threshold or higher than the high threshold
# limited transfer rate is neglected
# DEAD TIME OF THE DETECTOR
### contains pile up, dead time effect
#pile up = If N pulses enter in the time window of the same sensitive
volume, the output pulse
#is defined by the sum of the energies and the pulse time is set to the
last time of the last pulse participating to the pile-up
# leads to an effective loss of events --> paralysable dead time
# pile up
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert pileup
/gate/digitizer/Singles/pileup/setDepth 4 #
hierarchy level 4 LSOlayer
/gate/digitizer/Singles/pileup/setPileup 100 ns
# dead time effect -when the dector is processing one event he can't
process another
/gate/digitizer/Singles/insert deadtime
/gate/digitizer/Singles/deadtime/setDeadTime 1 mus
/gate/digitizer/Singles/deadtime/setMode paralysable
/gate/digitizer/Singles/deadtime/chooseDTVolume LSOlayer
# access mode of the buffer is neglected
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Now the question:
In the dead time sector there is an error concerning the following line:
/gate/digitizer/Singles/deadtime/chooseDTVolume LSOlayer
The failure message is: Nof higher level 5
Does anybody know what this means? What can I do?
Thanks for your help!
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