<div dir="ltr"><div>Matthew and <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,sans-serif">Pharaon, </span></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">To address our issue more specifically, we've performed a simulation with voxelized phantom and source of varying radioactivity (exactly 100 microcuries, 50 microcuries, and 25 microcuries) using current code. </div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div>Without any modification for the code, the simulation returned the same result for the voxelized source of varying radioactivity, while we expected that radioactivity dependently decreases in the dose. Expected results came out only when we set <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><i>TotalNumberOfPrimaries</i> with 100000, 50000, 25000 for respective simulations; because we considered that the total number of primaries should be relevant with the radioactivity the phantom contains. We don't have any more ideas to control the decay of the radioactivity. </span></div><div><br></div><div>I am sure that this issue stemmed from the absence of the time information you commented on. And we would like simulation output to take the time into consideration. Your comment and explanation were very helpful but there are further questions: </div><div><br></div><div>1) how could we set setTimeStart, setTimeSlice and setTimeStop for above case of simulation? we can assume that F-18 containing phantom was scanned repeatedly at t0 (t = 0 min), t1/2 (110 min) and t/14 (220 min), respectively. </div><div><br></div><div>2) what is the relationship between the radioactivity specified in the voxelized source and the number of primaries? We used the linear translator but it seems that GATE do not consider that voxel values as the radioactivity. </div><div><br></div><div>3) When it comes to the uncertainty, how could we get enough uncertainty if we can set a common number of primaries for simulation for every voxelized source.</div><div><br></div><div>Closing wonderful weekends and welcome bright Monday, </div><div><br></div><div>Park</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, May 31, 2020 at 1:54 AM Hyun Soo Park <<a href="mailto:hyuns@snu.ac.kr">hyuns@snu.ac.kr</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto">Matthew,</div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto">thanks for your ideas of our macro. it is nice to hear that the macro is set reasonably. </div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto">by the way, about “non-sense” results of ours, we need more detailed explanation. </div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto">our PET/CT data was acquired at 2, 5, 10, 30, 60, 90, 240, 360 post injection of the tracer with scan time of 15s, 30s, 60s, 60s, 240s, 240s, 20 min and 40 min. and for the PET, voxels were set to have Bq values so we thought that the linear translator is ok with setScale of 1 Bq. of course PET values were not-decay corrected when it was used as voxelized source. </div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto">we repeated the run for the each PET/CT images without any different conditions and parameters in the macro. then the “non-sense” results came out; the radioactivity distributed in the kidney decreased from the first to the last, the dose and edep is increased. we did’t gave GATE any time information for the simulation. </div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto">you suggested that the total number of primaries may be problematic. as you see we set the total number of primaries commonly for every voxelized source. so I think the dividing the same value will make no difference on the present result. where did I lost? would you please give us more details about ‘the number of decay events in your PET acquisition ‘ from “If you divide... which could then be scaled according to the number of decay events in your PET acquisition.”</div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto">cheers,</div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto">park</div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div><div style="border-color:rgb(255,255,255)" dir="auto"><br></div></div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, May 30, 2020 at 11:39 PM Matthew Strugari <<a href="mailto:matthew.strugari@dal.ca" target="_blank">matthew.strugari@dal.ca</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div lang="EN-CA">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hi Park,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I hope others may provide additional info, but from a quick glance at your code, everything appears reasonable in terms of your settings.
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Your confusion with “non-sense results” may stem from your configuration with total number of primaries since your simulation output does not take time into consideration. Setting 500000 total primaries will generate
particles without any respect to decay time. So, if you linearly increase the number of primaries, you will linearly increase the dose deposited. In other words, your dose and Edep output are a total based on the total number of primaries generated. If you
divide your output by 500000 then you would have dose in terms of Gy/decay, for example, which could then be scaled according to the number of decay events in your PET acquisition. An alternative approach would be to use the setTimeStart, setTimeSlide, and
setTimeStop commands which would generate the number of primaries based on radioactive decay and time. This would again produce the total dose and Edep output as described above for the total number of primaries generated.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">In case there is any confusion on your linear translator scale, note that 1 Bq means that pixel values are represented directly in Bq. The total number of primaries are then distributed amongst the source voxels according
to their activity. So, if you only had two non-zero voxels in your source image with values of 2 and 3, your simulation in the current configuration would generate 200000 and 300000 primaries in each voxel, respectively.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">To measure dose to a specific organ, you could use a segmentation of a region of interest (ROI) to mask the dose. All dose outside the ROI would be zero which would allow for computation of the dose volume histogram
for any organ of interest.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Positively,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Matthew<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<div style="border-style:solid none none;border-top-width:1pt;padding:3pt 0cm 0cm;border-top-color:rgb(181,196,223)">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">From: </span></b><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">Gate-users <<a href="mailto:gate-users-bounces@lists.opengatecollaboration.org" target="_blank">gate-users-bounces@lists.opengatecollaboration.org</a>> on behalf of Hyun Soo Park <<a href="mailto:hyuns@snu.ac.kr" target="_blank">hyuns@snu.ac.kr</a>><br>
<b>Date: </b>Saturday, May 30, 2020 at 09:43<br>
<b>To: </b>"<a href="mailto:gate-users@lists.opengatecollaboration.org" target="_blank">gate-users@lists.opengatecollaboration.org</a>" <<a href="mailto:gate-users@lists.opengatecollaboration.org" target="_blank">gate-users@lists.opengatecollaboration.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject: </b>[Gate-users] use of doseactor, voxelized phantom and source to generate dose and edep map<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12pt"><b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:white">CAUTION:</span></b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:white"> The Sender
of this email is not from within Dalhousie.<u style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"></u><u style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"></u></span></p>
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</div></div></div><div lang="EN-CA"><div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:white">Hello, Gate users, </span><u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">We just have a relatively simple task of estimating internal radiation dosimetry of 18F-labeled PET tracer using doseactor, voxelized phantom and source. However, me and my colleagues are struggling with this beautiful research tool because
of lack of experiences and not enough understandings about it. <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">We acquired PET/CT images using the radiotracer at varying time points to describe the biodistribution of the tracer. CT images were the voxelized phantom and PET images were the matched voxelized source. <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">By following to many contributors’ exercices and examples, we’ve finally generated following macro that returns common outputs of internal dosimetry by GATE (i.e., Dose and Edep, etc). <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Our questions are obvious: <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">1) is the following macro defined well to generate Dose and Edep map for given voxelized phantom and source?<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">2) definition of the fluorine-18 was appropriate? <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">3) how could we measure dose of a specific organ, such as kidney, using dose map? Could it be done by common VOI analysis measuring voxel mean value? <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">4) the latest simulation gave us non-sense results of showing continuously increasing dose in a organ, while the radioactivity is apparently decreasing as time. how could it be explained? <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Best wishes, and have a great weekend! <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Park<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"># VEROBOSITY<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/control/execute mac/verbose.mac<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"># VISUALISATION<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/control/execute mac/visu.mac<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"># GEOMETRY<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/geometry/setMaterialDatabase data/GateMaterials.db<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"># World<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/world/geometry/setXLength 10 cm<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/world/geometry/setYLength 10 cm<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/world/geometry/setZLength 10 cm<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/world/setMaterial Air<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/world/vis/setVisible 1<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/world/vis/forceWireframe<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"># Voxel phantom<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/world/daughters/name ct<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/world/daughters/insert ImageRegularParametrisedVolume<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/ct/geometry/setRangeToMaterialFile data/range_geo.dat<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/ct/geometry/setImage data/ct-gate.mhd<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/ct/setSkipEqualMaterials 1<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/ct/vis/setVisible 1<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"># /gate/ct/vis/setColor blue<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/ct/vis/forceWireframe<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"># /gate/geometry/rebuild<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"># PHYSICS<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/physics/addPhysicsList emstandard_opt3<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/physics/addProcess RadioactiveDecay #to generate decay process of F-18<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"># DETECTORS<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/addActor DoseActor doseDistribution<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/attachTo <span>
</span> <span> </span>ct<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/stepHitType random<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/setSize 30 28.8 99 mm #Size in mm<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/setPosition 0 0 0 cm # Origin<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/setResolution 58 48 165 #Size (pixel)<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/enableEdep true<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/enableUncertaintyEdep true<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/enableSquaredEdep false<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/enableDose true #from true<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/setDoseAlgorithm VolumeWeighting<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"># /gate/actor/doseDistribution/enableDoseToWater true #new set<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/enableUncertaintyDose true #from true<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/enableSquaredDose false<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/enableNumberOfHits true<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/doseDistribution/save output/output.mhd<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/addActor SimulationStatisticActor stat<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/stat/save <span>
</span>output/stat.txt<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/actor/stat/saveEveryNSeconds 60<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"># INITIALISATION<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/run/initialize<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"># SOURCE :<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#Description<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">#Ion<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/addSource<span> </span>ion<span>
</span>voxel<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/reader/insert image<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/imageReader/translator/insert linear<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/imageReader/linearTranslator/setScale<span>
</span>1. Bq<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/imageReader/readFile data/pt-gate.mhd <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/imageReader/verbose 1<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/setPosition -15.0 -14.4 -49.5 mm<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/gps/particle ion<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/gps/ion 9 18 0 0 #F-18<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/gps/energytype Mono<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/gps/monoenergy 0. keV<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/gps/angtype iso<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/setForcedUnstableFlag true <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/useDefaultHalfLife<span>
</span>6586 s<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/source/ion/dump 1<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"># /gate/source/list<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"># RANDOM<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/random/setEngineName MersenneTwister<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/random/setEngineSeed auto<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"># START<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">#=====================================================<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/application/noGlobalOutput<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">/vis/enable<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/application/setTotalNumberOfPrimaries 500000 #acceptable uncertainty is at 500000 <u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">/gate/application/start<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">-- <u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Malgun Gothic",sans-serif">연구중점교수</span></b><b>,
</b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Malgun Gothic",sans-serif">분당서울대학교병원</span></b><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Malgun Gothic",sans-serif">전화번호</span></b><b><span style="font-size:9.5pt">:</span></b><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Malgun Gothic",sans-serif">사무실</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt">) +82-31-787-2936</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Malgun Gothic",sans-serif">휴대전화</span><span style="font-size:9.5pt">) +82-10-8833-2806</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Malgun Gothic",sans-serif">팩스</span></b><b><span style="font-size:9.5pt">:</span></b><span style="font-size:9.5pt"> +82-31-787-4018</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Malgun Gothic",sans-serif">이메일</span></b><b><span style="font-size:9.5pt">:</span></b><span style="font-size:9.5pt"> </span><a href="mailto:hyuns@snu.ac.kr" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">hyuns@snu.ac.kr<br>
</span></a><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Hyun Soo Park, PhD</b><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>--</b><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Research professor</b><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Department of Nuclear Medicine<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.5pt">Telephone:</span></b><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">(Office) +82-31-787-2936</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">(Mobile) +82-10-8833-2806</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.5pt">Fax:</span></b><span style="font-size:9.5pt"> +82-31-787-4018</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.5pt">email:</span></b><span style="font-size:9.5pt"> </span><a href="mailto:hyuns@snu.ac.kr" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">hyuns@snu.ac.kr</span></a><u></u><u></u></p>
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</blockquote></div></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><b>연구중점교수, 분당서울대학교병원</b><br></div><div><b style="font-size:12.7273px">전화번호:</b><br></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px">(사무실) +82-31-787-2936</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px">(휴대전화) +82-10-8833-2806</span><br></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px"><b>팩스:</b> +82-31-787-4018</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px"><b>이메일:</b> </span><a href="mailto:hyuns@snu.ac.kr" style="font-size:12.7273px" target="_blank">hyuns@snu.ac.kr<br></a></div><div><br></div><div><b>Hyun Soo Park, PhD</b></div><div><b>--</b></div><div><b>Research professor</b></div><div>Department of Nuclear Medicine</div><div>Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea</div><div><b style="font-size:12.7273px">Telephone:</b><br></div><div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px">(Office) +82-31-787-2936</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px">(Mobile) +82-10-8833-2806</span><br></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px"><b>Fax:</b> +82-31-787-4018</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px"><b>email:</b> </span><a href="mailto:hyuns@snu.ac.kr" style="font-size:12.7273px" target="_blank">hyuns@snu.ac.kr</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><b>연구중점교수, 분당서울대학교병원</b><br></div><div><b style="font-size:12.7273px">전화번호:</b><br></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px">(사무실) +82-31-787-2936</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px">(휴대전화) +82-10-8833-2806</span><br></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px"><b>팩스:</b> +82-31-787-4018</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px"><b>이메일:</b> </span><a href="mailto:hyuns@snu.ac.kr" style="font-size:12.7273px" target="_blank">hyuns@snu.ac.kr<br></a></div><div><br></div><div><b>Hyun Soo Park, PhD</b></div><div><b>--</b></div><div><b>Research professor</b></div><div>Department of Nuclear Medicine</div><div>Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea</div><div><b style="font-size:12.7273px">Telephone:</b><br></div><div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px">(Office) +82-31-787-2936</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px">(Mobile) +82-10-8833-2806</span><br></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px"><b>Fax:</b> +82-31-787-4018</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.7273px"><b>email:</b> </span><a href="mailto:hyuns@snu.ac.kr" style="font-size:12.7273px" target="_blank">hyuns@snu.ac.kr</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>