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Hi Amy,
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<div class="">I'm not sure, but I think this paper is one of the references mentioned:</div>
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<div class="">I.J. Chetty et al., “Reporting and analyzing statistical uncertainties in Monte Carlo-based treatment planning.,” Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 65(4), 1249–1259 (2006).</div>
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<div class="">You may want to look at this paper for the history-by-history statistical uncertainty estimation method (referenced in the previous paper):</div>
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<div class="">B.R.B. Walters, I. Kawrakow, and D.W.O. Rogers, “History by history statistical estimators in the BEAM code system,” Med. Phys. 29(12), 2745 (2002).</div>
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<div class="">It might be a bit tricky to wrap your head around that method, especially with all the Monte Carlo terminology thrown around (batch, history, recycling, etc.)</div>
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<div class="">Marc</div>
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<div class="">__________________________</div>
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<div class="">Marc Chamberland, MSc</div>
PhD candidate<br class="">
Department of Physics<br class="">
Carleton University<br class="">
Ottawa (ON)</div>
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<div class="">On Oct 23, 2014, at 09:17, Amy Meldrum <<a href="mailto:ameldru@g.clemson.edu" class="">ameldru@g.clemson.edu</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="">Can anyone point me towards any of the reference papers that were mentioned in this thread? I think they will be useful for me in the near future when I defend my Master's thesis.
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<div class="">Thanks,</div>
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<div class="">Amy<br class="">
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<div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Oct 15, 2014 at 6:40 AM, Grevillot Loic <span dir="ltr" class="">
<<a href="mailto:loic.grevillot@medaustron.at" target="_blank" class="">loic.grevillot@medaustron.at</a>></span> wrote:<br class="">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d" class="">Of course not!<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d" class="">If you buy 2 times 10 apples or 1 time 20 apples you get in both cases 20 apples.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d" class="">Reference to papers used for uncertainty calculations are available – please look at Gate reference papers!<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d" class="">Please use the list, other people may benefit of discussion and my contributions are on free time which is very limited at the moment…<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1f497d" class="">Kind regards,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b class=""><span lang="DE-AT" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#112359" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE-AT" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#112359" class="">Loïc Grevillot</span><span lang="DE-AT" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#112359" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b class=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"" class="">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"" class=""> S. Saghamanesh [mailto:<a href="mailto:s.saghamanesh@yahoo.com" target="_blank" class="">s.saghamanesh@yahoo.com</a>]
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<b class="">Sent:</b> Mittwoch, 15. Oktober 2014 12:34<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b> Grevillot Loic<br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b> Re: [Gate-users] Can't run with 100 million particles<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Thanks for your note. However, due to the linear operation of this addition, I'll have a greater uncertainty!<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">For example, I have two simulations with uncertainties of sigma1 = 0.7 (70%) and sigma2 = 0.6 (60%). After the addition, I'll have the
 total uncertainty of sqrt(sigma1^2 + sigma2^2) = 0.92 (92%). <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">So I wanted to reduce my uncertainty by increasing my statistics (through several simulations), but ultimately I'd obtain a greater uncertainty.
 Am I right on this?<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Best<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Soman<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="">On Monday, October 13, 2014 8:41 AM, Grevillot Loic <<a href="mailto:loic.grevillot@medaustron.at" target="_blank" class="">loic.grevillot@medaustron.at</a>>
 wrote:</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">You can manually run 10 different simulations. Make sure to change output names for each simu and then make a simple addition.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Sincerely,</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b class=""><span lang="DE-AT" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""> </span></b><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span lang="DE-AT" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Loïc</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""> S. Saghamanesh [<a href="mailto:s.saghamanesh@yahoo.com" target="_blank" class="">mailto:s.saghamanesh@yahoo.com</a>]
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<b class="">Sent:</b> Samstag, 11. Oktober 2014 13:53<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b> Grevillot Loic; <a href="mailto:gate-users@lists.opengatecollaboration.org" target="_blank" class="">
gate-users@lists.opengatecollaboration.org</a><br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b> Re: [Gate-users] Can't run with 100 million particles</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Dear </span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Loïc,</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">I've tried to run my main macro file through the following command:</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""> "/control/loop myMain.mac mycounter 1 10 10"</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">which is supposed to run 10 simulations with 10 million particles with different seeds (by </span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">/gate/random/setEngineSeed
 auto</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">). But It runs only the first 10 million particles and doesn't keep run the remains.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Do you have any idea what's wrong with this command? I guess it's the only way I can proceed with 100 million primaries without getting
 error.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Best regards</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Soman</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">On Friday, October 3, 2014 9:10 AM, Grevillot Loic <<a href="mailto:loic.grevillot@medaustron.at" target="_blank" class="">loic.grevillot@medaustron.at</a>>
 wrote:</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Dear Soman,</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">You said you need to run 100 million primaries and artifacts appear after 10 million.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">My suggestion is therefore to run 10 simulations of 10 million particles (fully equivalent to a single simu of 100 million). You just have
 to make sure the seeds are different for every simulation, which can be easily achieved using the following command:</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">/gate/random/setEngineSeed auto</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Best,</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Loïc</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""> S. Saghamanesh [<a href="mailto:s.saghamanesh@yahoo.com" target="_blank" class="">mailto:s.saghamanesh@yahoo.com</a>]
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<b class="">Sent:</b> Freitag, 3. Oktober 2014 07:30<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b> Grevillot Loic<br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b> Re: [Gate-users] Can't run with 100 million particles</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Hi,</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Thanks a lot for your note. I use of splitting 1000 for my emitted photons but I still have unacceptable uncertainties, so I have to run
 with 100 million particles. Do you tell me if I run 10 simulations with 10 million particles, it would lessen the uncertainty? I guess it wouldn't, because I have uncertain results with a single simulation of 10 million particles.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Thanks in advance for your help</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">- Soman</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">On Wednesday, October 1, 2014 3:41 PM, Grevillot Loic <<a href="mailto:loic.grevillot@medaustron.at" target="_blank" class="">loic.grevillot@medaustron.at</a>>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Dear Soman,</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">We noticed a similar simulation “artifact” when a too high number of particles was used. We also noticed that the effect is dependent on
 the particle type and simulation parameters (cut, step size).</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">We will try correcting the bug for the next release. In the meantime I advise you to run 10 simulations of 10 million particles.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Sincerely,</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span lang="DE-AT" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Loïc</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">
<a href="mailto:gate-users-bounces@lists.opengatecollaboration.org" target="_blank" class="">
gate-users-bounces@lists.opengatecollaboration.org</a> [<a href="mailto:gate-users-bounces@lists.opengatecollaboration.org" target="_blank" class="">mailto:gate-users-bounces@lists.opengatecollaboration.org</a>]
<b class="">On Behalf Of </b>S. Saghamanesh<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b> Mittwoch, 1. Oktober 2014 09:29<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b> <a href="mailto:gate-users@lists.opengatecollaboration.org" target="_blank" class="">
gate-users@lists.opengatecollaboration.org</a><br class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b> [Gate-users] Can't run with 100 million particles</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Hi,</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Is there any limitation on the number of primary particles generated in Gate7.0 ? It seems running code with more than 10 million particles
 leads to false results. I need to run my code with 100 millions particles, but after checking (with a very simple example), I noticed that no more than 20 million particles would be generated.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">Thanks for your comments.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="">- Soman</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=""><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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_______________________________________________<br class="">
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